big day.. FYP 2 presentation .. WISH ME LUCK... !

This is some of my poster design.. ;)

Finalizing The circuit

Finalizing The circuit

As for the final circuit, I had to reconstructed as a back up for presentation day.
It takes about 5 days to make this circuit on the breadboard functioning.
The picture below shows the waveform that resulted from the output electrode.

Then, the electrode will be measured by using clamp meter to check whether the electrode is giving the correct value or not. The maximum value that can be accepted by human body is 10mA.

The picture above show how the clamp meter works. The value that been displayed by clamp meter is 0.01A and it is equal to the required value which is 10mA.




The output consists of two electrodes that will attach on the skin and the picture below shows how the attachment of electrode on the skin.

Prototype of Electronic Muscle Stimulation is as below which the circuit will covered by a black casing. On the side of the casing consist of two switches (on/off), knob for minimizing or maximize the resistance to get a different frequency and pulse duration and also the wire of electrode.

As for this circuit, I managed to find the suitable current transformer that suit for this circuit. It is small transformer with 230V to 12V, 100mA.

Troubleshooting

Processing PCB

Progress in making,

1) The most important thing is Printed Circuit Board. Next, put the OHP paper on the PCB.

                           

                               

                               

2) PCB added to the liquid solution ferric Chloride (FeCl3) for etching process. FeCl3 powder mixed with warm water and mix depending on how fast the circuit to be completed. Silica layer PCB soaked up entirely detached and removed and washed with clean water.

                               

                               

3) After the PCB will be included in a special liquid developer. Developers will remove the silicon oxide (carbon) and the circuit design will be seen clearly. Then PCB rinsed with clean water.

                               


4) Below the circuit was completed etching and foot hole drilled;

                               


5) Lastly, the PCB is ready to be used but before placing the component, the hole must be punch first.

                               

Move into PCB

PCB & Troubleshooting

As for circuit in this entry, i have decide to move it into PCB to proceed the troubleshooting.

(using eagle win 6.2)

Test Circuit

Second test

There is a picture that a circuit been tested. Overall is quite okayh but don't know how to measure the current output by using correct equipment.

First result:



This is when the switch is off but the battery is already connected.


Second result:



This is how the display look like when the switch is on. The LED will probably on when the switch is on.

New circuit found!

New circuit found!

 Just same as the older one but there is no buzzer to indicate the finishing timing. As for this circuit diagram, it is consist of two phase of timer. First is pulse rate timer and the other one is pulse width timer.

Both of these timer have their own characteristic. As for pulse rate timer, it will give pulse according to its frequencies. When P1 is varies, the frequency of the pulse also may varies.

Same goes to pulse width timer but for this timer, it is not about the frequency, it is about pulse duration or pulse width for each pulse cycle. When P2 is varies,  the width of each pulse may become wider than the first one.

Unfunctioning Circuit

Result for the first test!

According to previous entry, I found the circuit for this project. The circuit is consist of buzzer and two LED.

As I connected the battery to the circuit, nothing happen. Both LED is not lighting, and there is no input to the transformer. The value 0.00V.

Then, I continue researching for other circuit diagram.

Current transformer

Current transformer

      A current transformer consists of primary and secondary coils of wire wrapped around a core, usually made of steel or a nickel alloy. Transformer winding are electrically insulated from each other and from the core. The winding connected to the power supply is called primary winding. The transformer winding in which current is induced is called secondary winding.

    As current passes through the primary winding, an electromagnetic field is produced which induces a current in the electrically isolated secondary winding. The number of coils in a winding determine the amount of current and voltage in the circuit. By altering the coil ratio between the primary and secondary winding, a current transformer can alter the current, either stepping it up or down, while conserving power.

For this project, the current transformer is used to step up the voltage at low current. the secondary winding will be connected to the circuit while the primary winding connected to the electrode thus to the patient.

The above two pictures is a transformer with 1.2 VA as for power resulted for this transformer. This transformer had been bought at RS online. As for the picture below, bought from Pasar road. Looks like messy component but it gives 0.9 VA power for the transformer.

Both type of above transformer is not very suit to used in this project because the power needed is only 100 mA to 150 mA but it still can be tested. Thus, the suitable transformer still in finding process.

In this week, I have to look back at circuit diagram before buying it. Below is the circuit diagram for muscle simulator and timer.

                                                          Figure 1: Timer circuit diagram

                                                      Figure 2: Muscle stimulator circuit diagram


Figure 1 shows the timer circuit. It uses IC NE555 wired in monostable mode. Initially, when press switch S2, the monostable triggers and its output goes high for 10 minutes. Thereafter, its output goes low to give a beep sound from the piezobuzzer and lights up the red LED (LED2) indicating that muscle stimulation time is over.

Figure 2 shows the circuit of the muscle stimulator. IC 7555 is wired as an astable multivibrator to generate about 80Hz pulses. Potentiometer VR1 can control the intensity of current sensing at the electrodes. The brightness level of LED1 indicates the amplitude of the pulses. To increase the intensity level, replace the 1.8 kohm resistor with 5.6 kohm or higher value up to 10kohm.

Above is a little bit description for each circuit. I already had a discussion with my supervisor about these circuit and there is a few things need to be considered before buying all the components. As for the output of this circuit, a suitable electrode need to be connected to the output of this device. After do some research, I found that ECG electrodes is suit for the output of this device. Next week will go and buy the components.

Introduction FYP 2

Electronic Muscle Stimulation


         Any sudden variation in the environment of sufficient intensity (stimulus) is able to induce a response in normo-excitable structures like nerve-muscle tissues. Electrical stimulation provides a method for the elective stimulation of muscle since the parameters can be perfectly controlled.


         Electronic muscle stimulation, often referred to as EMS, is a form of therapy that is used to lessen muscle atrophy in patients who have suffered paralysis and to improve muscle function in patients who have muscle spasms or partial paralysis by keeping the injured area mobilized.


       Electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves to improve recovery of function is successfully used in the following medical conditions:

• After injury to the joints or muscles
• Damage to the central or peripheral nervous system or in the case of muscle diseases
• Inactivity as a result of long lasting bed rest

   
The objective that can be observe by doing this project :

1.   To overcome the effects of a severe injury or illness
2.   To help patient with muscle weakness by  improving the muscle tone
3. To design a more portable and light-weighted design device
4. To design the hardware, build and perform the electronic muscle stimulation 

     This project is very helpful to the patient that has not been able to do physical exercise. Electronic Muscle Stimulation will help them by send the electrical impulses to their muscle to contract and just like the patient is doing some exercise

WEEK 12 - FYP PRESENTATION

Doing presentation at L3 from 3.00pm to 5.00pm

WEEK 11

Preparing for FYP Presentation... 

• making slide show
• send example slide show to adviser
• make a litter bit research about problem and advantage of EMS 

WEEK 10

Basic Circuitry of EMS Devices

In the muscle stimulator circuit an astable multivibrator, the component named IC1 7555 in the circuit diagram, generates pulses at around 100 Hz. Astable multivibrators are unstable, in other words, they never stay in one state. They are used in stimulators because they are oscillators that can create pulses trains at a desired rate. A potentiometer, labeled VR1 in the diagram, acts as a control knob, allowing the user to alter the intensity of current going through the electrodes. LEDs can be placed on the circuit to indicate the intensity level of the output current. Increasing the resistance of the 1.8K resistor labeled R2 can increase the current intensity. The current then goes through the reverse-connected transformer labeled X1, which down-converts the current to safe levels. The transformer must be reverse connected, meaning the secondary coil goes to the collector and ground, while the primary coil goes to the electrodes. This is done to prevent high level current from going through the electrodes and shocking the patient. Two transistors (T1 and T2) act as the buffers and invert the polarity of the pulses. They also drive the transformer and it protect it against high voltage leaks in case of false usage.

The timer uses a monostable multivibrator, the IC NE555. Monostable multivibrators have a single stable state and an unstable state. The unstable state can be triggered and the multivibrator will return to its stable (off) state after a certain amount of time. This characteristic makes it an ideal component for a timing device. The capacitors in the diagram are used to prevent unsafe currents.

EXTRA NOTE: The two parts of the device do not work synchronously. The timer and stimulator circuits usually have separate switches and voltage sources. The user is usually allowed to pick how long they would like to the stimulation to last. Thus, it is best to design a system where one switch triggers the stimulator and another triggers the timer. That way, the user can activate the timer switch, select the time of stimulation, and then activate the stimulator to begin treatment.

WEEK 9

How Electrical Current Affects the Human Body 

WEEK 8 - Development

Development

•Looking for good and suitable designing that was related to the simplicity of its use such as control with function.

v Designing was related to the simplicity of its use

v Anthropometrically shaped and comfortable, easy to use and suitable for control

v Safe for the user

v Using disposable tabs/pads

v Can delivers a gentle electronic impulse to muscle that we want

WEEK 7

Electronic Muscle Stimulation EMS - for rehab

Electro muscular stimulation is a simple and effective way to give a good amount of stimulation to an injured muscle without having to put any structural joint or tendon at risk from exercise. EMS or stim units are electrical devices which have conductive pads that you can place on a particular muscle that you want to stimulate and contract.

Maximum recruitment of type IIb muscle fibre through electro muscular stimulation. The contraction through electromuscular stimulation will be very intense and isometric in nature, this has two advantages,

1. It allows maximum stimulation without movement around a joint therefore not causing any stress on injured araes

2. It can preferentially recruit the type IIb - fast twitch muscle fibre which are the fibres we train for maximum power and strength.

*We can do this due to the way ems units by pass our own voluntary capacity for muscle recruitment.

WEEK 6 -

•  Attending the briefing 
• Send my proposal to Sir MOHD SYAZWAN B MOHD YID (my supervisor)

WEEK 5 - Understanding the basic of electrical muscle stimulation

WHAT IS EMS? 

          Electronic Muscle Stimulator (EMS) is a revolutionary muscle exercise concept for use in your own home. Our EMS systems are portable, light weight electronic units that have been scientifically designed and proven to exercise body muscles fast, efficiently & effectively through a series of stimulated contraction & relaxation phases. For years Soviet and Eastern block Olympic contenders have used muscle stimulators to build the same rippling muscles that steroids promised.

          Now the practice has finally reached the West. Once only available to doctors and therapists, EMS is recommended for anyone participating in bodybuilding, power lifting, martial arts, boxing, or anyone simply wishing to achieve their optimal athletic physique. EMS is used extensively throughout the world. The Medical Advisory Committee has allowed the use of EMS systems by athletes since the 1972 Olympics. Bodybuilders, professional athletes, physiotherapists, sports doctors and US/Canadian Track and Field athletes use EMS systems to supplement their regular workout routines. Many doctors use EMS units to aid in the rehabilitation of muscles following injury and to ease patients chronic muscle spasms and pain.

HOW DOES IT WORK? 

          TheVital Stim EMS 4000 unit has four outlets known as channels. Each channel has two wire connections with two pads attached at the end of each wire. The EMS unit delivers a gentle electronic impulse to your muscles via the soft electrode pads that comes with your system. By placing the pair of pads on a particular muscle group, your muscles respond to the impulses that are generated by contracting and relaxing rhythmically as instructed by you through the unit. When a muscle contracts as a result of a unique EMS/TENS signal, the chemical changes taking place within the muscles are similar to those associated with voluntary contraction in "normal exercising. These chemical reactions which result from muscle contractions utilizes glycogen, fat and other nutrients stored in the muscle. These resulting series of muscle contractions will enable an individual to tone, strengthen, and combat flabbiness while improving contour. Just strap it on while you're resting, reading, net surfing or watching T.V. and watch your body transform right before your eyes.

WEEK 4 - RESEARCH

ØItem Type: Massage & Relaxation

ØPlace of Origin: Guangdong China (Mainland)

ØUsing gel pad to delivers a gentle electronic impulse to muscle

ØCan use at certain part of body only

ØGel pad easy to gets dirty. Its can be clean but pasting power is getting weakness more and more and at last it should be replaced with the same type and model.

Problems..!

üA certain number of accidents is recorded in which users suffered burns, bruises and skin irritation.

üIt's too small, so it may be difficult to stick it to some zones

üGel pad easy to gets dirty

üThe glue ends quickly

üPasting power is getting weakness 

üGel pad should be replaced with the same type and model. 

WEEK 3 - Proposal

Assalamualaikum & selamat pagi..

It's time for FYP update..but still not for the 'project'...sigh (~_~")..paperwork is the most annoying thing to do because there are so many procedure to follow..(spacing,font,grammer..bla..bla..bla..)..arrgghhh stress!!!BUT..as students i have to go through this stressful phase in order to complete my studies ( 1 and a half year left)..below are the guide for me to write the final year project proposal :-

INTRODUCTION
The contents of this guideline shall support the aims, objectives and schemes as
specified in the FYP Manual and Syllabus. It also explains the marking criteria to
guide the award of mark for assessed work.

FORMAT
The project proposal should have the following format:

• Title Page
• Abstract
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Objectives
• Benefits/ Contributions
• Work Plan
• Budget
• Conclusion
• References

PROPOSAL FORMAT

• Title Page 
• Contains short, descriptive title of the proposed project
• Includes student’s name, student’s ID number,institution, section/ department, project supervisor’s name, and date of delivery.
• Abstract 
• A brief summary of the project proposal
• Present a brief introduction of the issue
• Make the key statement of the project
• Include a possible implication/benefits of the work
• Table of Contents 
• List all headings and subheadings with page numbers
• Introduction 
• Sets the context for the proposed project and must capture the reader’s interest
• Explain the background of the study from a broad picture narrowing in on the research/ project question
• Review what is known about the research topic as far as it is relevant to the research/project
• The introduction should be at a level that make it easy to understand for readers with a general science background
• Problem Statement 
• A short summary of the research problem
• Literature Review 
• A short and precise overview about the present state of research that is immediately connected with the proposed project
• Name and discuss the most important contributions of other related projects/findings
• Methodology 
• Contains an overall description of the approach, materials, and procedures

1. What methods will be used?
2. How will data be collected and analyzed?
3. What materials will be used?

• Include calculations, techniques, procedures and equipment
• Detail limitations, assumptions, and range of validity
• Objectives 
• Give a concise and clear outline of the aims that the researcher want to achieve from the project
• Benefits/Contributions
• Contains explanations on how the new findings/ideas will contribute to the industry/community
• Reasons on why is it worth knowing and what are the major implications of the research findings
• Work Plan
• Details on how the project will be conducted
• List the stages of the proposed project
• Indicate deadlines; set for completing each stage of the project
• Discuss any particular challenges that need to be overcome
• Budget
• Estimation on overall cost of the project
• Conclusion 
• Explanation on the possible outcomes of the project
• Discussion on the new knowledge gained from the project
• Identification of the target user/ areas/ application of the research findings.
• References 
• List all references cited in the text...  haaaaaaaaaaaa..so many things to follow..huhuh..that's all for this time..have a nice day..(^__^)

Final Year Project Calendar

Final Year Project Calendar

WEEK 2

Activity for week 2:

1. Do some research about my project via internet and magazines.
2. Attend second briefing for final year project (26
3. Objective for second briefing: 

• To make FYP student clear and understand about Final Year Project. 
• Example:project scoping,knowing the subject well,how to manage time, what the rules procedure for fyp. etc. 

4. Start to create own blog for FYP progress.Each fyp student must have own blog for update all activity for every week.
5. Update profile at http://rps.bmi.edu.my/

Supervisor & Project Title

 Supervisor: MOHD SYAZWAN B MOHD YID

• Department: DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS 
• Master in Biomedical Engineering University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France (2010). Degree in Electrical Electronic & Automatic, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France (2008). Diploma in Network & Telecommunications, Inst. University of Technology of Nice Cole d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis France (2007) 

Project Title: MASSAGE THERAPY

WEEK 1

The first week was spent looking for an advisor to supervise me on the project. By the end of the week, I have managed to convince Mr. Syazwan Mohd Yid from the medical electronics section to be my advisor.

As for the Project title, my initial title is "massage therapy" The title may still need to be revised and tuned to be acceptable as a proper final project title.

In terms of registration, I have been registered into the Research & Post-Graduate Studies (RPS) system by Mr Syazwan.

On 10 January 2012, student attend first briefing for Fyp Degree and diploma student at Dewan Gemilang Unikl Bmi. We get more information and get more explanation for new procedure FYP s1/2012.
From the explanation i should be :

• Update profile in Rps.bmi.edu.my
• Each student fyp must have own blog for update all activity for every week.BMI system now did not use LogBook anymore.
• From this briefing we must take serious and start our project.We also have to cooporate with our supervisor every week.
• Find supervisor for final year project.
• Search suitable title for my project.

Introduction

Assalamualaikum,

I am Mohd Ikhwan Hanif bin Jumaat and Kuala Lumpur University's student. I am studying in Medical Electronic Engineering.

Beginning this semester in S1/2012, I may start my Final Year Project by creating blog and proposal of the project. This blog was designed to meet my final project requirements and may update every week on the progress for my Final Year Project

I hope that my advisor may assist and guide me in completing this project which may presented by the end of the next semester in S2/2012.hope for the best (^_____^)v 

Enjoy!

   

Name: MOHD. IKHWAN HANIF BIN JUMAAT
ID student :51216210041
Course: BET IN MEDICAL ELECTRONICS